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Zima, poslabšanja KOPB in prenovljene smernice GOLD
Ko je sezona gripe v polnem razmahu, je več poslabšanj KOPB, nedavno posodobljena priporočila GOLD pa med drugim vsebujejo novosti na področju razvrščanja KOPB glede na ta poslabšanja in simptome. Posodobljena so tudi nekatera priporočila glede zdravljenja.
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Hipoteza o zgodnjem zdravljenju IPF
Prisluhnili smo predavanju prof. dr. Luce Richeldija, dr. med., z univerze v Southamptonu v Veliki Britaniji, ki je na regionalnem pulmološkem forumu na Dunaju med drugim pojasnil, zakaj verjame, da je bolnike z idiopatsko pljučno fibrozo treba zdraviti čim bolj zgodaj.
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Osvežene smernice GOLD
Globalna iniciativa za zdravljenje kronične obstruktivne pljučne bolezni GOLD je objavila osvežene smernice za zdravljenje KOPB. Sledili so mnenju mnogih strokovnjakov, ki so v zadnjih letih opozarjali, da razvrščanje bolnikov s KOPB v skupine po dosedanjih smernicah ne zadošča.
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Kaj je posledica in kaj komorbidnost pri KOPB
Za stabilne bolnike s KOPB je kot nujen ukrep po smernicah priporočeno prenehanje kajenja, za bolnike v skupinah B, C in D pa tudi rehabilitacija. Vendar to v praksi redko vidimo, je na regionalnem pulmološkem forumu na Dunaju povedal Jurij Šorli, dr. med., strokovni vodja bolnišnice Topolšica.
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Pasivno kajenje in e-cigareta
Dosedanje študije kažejo, da elektronska cigareta ni brez emisij, zato pasivna izpostavljenost e-cigareti lahko pomeni tveganje za zdravje. Vendar para iz elektronske cigarete vsebuje precej nižje ravni škodljivih snovi kot pri navadni cigareti (razen ko gre za nikelj in srebro).
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Biološka zdravila za zdravljenje težke astme
Izzivi pri zdravljenju težke astme izhajajo iz dejstva, da imamo različne fenotipe bolezni, ne znamo pa še vseh dobro prepoznati. Po izčrpanem zdravljenju z IKS, bronhodilatatorji in oralnimi kortikosteroidi so na voljo biološka zdravila.
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Slovenske smernice za astmo in KOPB pripravljene
Po letu in pol usklajevanja so pripravljene slovenske smernice za zdravljenje KOPB in astme in so v reviziji, je na mednarodnem pnevmološkem in alergološkem kongresu na Bledu povedala doc. dr. Sabina Škrgat, dr. med., s Klinike Golnik.
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Novo orodje za predpisovanje antibiotikov pri otrocih
V začetku septembra so v reviji Lancet objavili izsledke raziskave, na podlagi katere so razvili priporočila za predpisovanje antibiotikov pri otrocih z akutno okužbo dihal in kašljem na primarni ravni.
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S statini povezane pljučne bolezni
Intersticijska bolezen pljuč je eden izmed na novo odkritih neželenih učinkov zdravljenja s statini. FDA je med letoma 1987 in 2007 zbrala 162 poročil o takih primerih, o katerih pa poročajo tudi drugi viri. Mehanizem poškodbe pljuč še ni znan.
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Astma pri otrocih in vedenjske motnje
Otroci z astmo, atopijskim dermatitisom in senenim nahodom so lahko bolj kot njihovi vrstniki brez teh bolezni nagnjeni h težavam na področju čustvovanja in vedenja.
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Virusne okužbe kot vzrok akutnih poslabšanj kroničnih bolezni dihal
Preprečevanje akutnih poslabšanj astme in KOPB je eden ključnih terapevtskih ciljev, prvi korak proti njemu pa je zavedanje, da so v ozadju akutnih poslabšanj virusne okužbe. Nadaljnja pot vodi skozi odkrivanje razlik v imunskem odzivu na virusno okužbo pri bolnikih s KOPB in astmo.
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KOPB in kognitivni upad
KOPB je izredno kompleksno stanje, ki neredko poteka sočasno z nekaterimi drugimi boleznimi. Med njimi je tudi kognitivni upad. Nekateri raziskovalci sumijo, da bi lahko obstajal vzorec kognitivne motnje, specifičen za KOPB.
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Personalizirana medicina na Slovenskem pulmološkem kongresu
Slovenski pulmološki kongres, združen z Golniškim simpozijem in Balkanskim pnevmološkim kongresom prinaša vrsto zanimivih tem. Med najbolj »vročimi« bodo novi pristopi k prehrani bolnikov z boleznimi dihal z ugledno nizozemsko strokovnjakinjo prof. Annemie Schols.
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Telesna aktivnost pomembna tudi za potek idiopatske pljučne fibroze
Raziskava, ki so jo izpeljali v Izraelu, je pokazala statistično pomembno povezavo med stopnjo telesne aktivnosti in umrljivostjo bolnikov, ki so zboleli za to kronično in prognostično neugodno pljučno boleznijo.
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IPF – Kompleksni mehanizmi zahtevajo kombinirano zdravljenje
Iskanje biooznačevalcev in novih učinkovin vendarle daje upanje za bolj ciljano obravnavo IPF. Za zdaj je kljub raziskovalnemu trudu, ki je privedel do nedavne odobritve protifibrotičnih učinkovin pirfenidona in nintendaniba, prognoza pri tej bolezni še vedno razmeroma slaba.
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Novosti v smernicah GINA za leto 2016
Na spletni strani Svetovne pobude za astmo je zdaj na voljo posodobljen osrednji dokument, ki se nanaša na zdravljenje in preprečevanje astme. Povzeli smo novosti.
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PredKOPB
Čeprav kadilci s simptomi KOPB še ne izpolnjujejo kriterijev za diagnozo KOPB, pa imajo lahko klinično sliko poslabšanj, slabšo telesno zmogljivost in morfološke dokaze prizadetosti dihalnih poti. Kar nekaj jih zato uporablja bronhodilatatorje in inhalacijske kortikosteroide.
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